Mahmoud Bishara was invisible, and that's exactly how he wanted it. His mother and father, Fatima and Youssef Bishara decide to leave Syria because the war got too intense and hit them personally. Oh, turn it off, Papi said. An irregular rhythm that lay over the top of the regular beat, like a heartbeat beneath the skin. Mahmoud grabs onto it, bringing Fatima and, the Coast Guard for them. What are you playing at, letting them on board? he demanded. Instead of running away, should Mahmoud and his father join the rebels and fight to win their country back? Refugee is a young adult literature novel by Alan Gratz published by Scholastic Corporation in 2017. Germany was somewhere up north, in the heart of Europe. In order to survive, Mahmoud learned to stay invisible. Struggling with distance learning? -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character Mahmoud Bishara appears in. Yes, but they are all players for the Lions, and shes a little lion! The Lions was the nickname of the Industriales. Well go without you. They left him pacing the room, muttering to himself. Complete your free account to request a guide. He smiled sadly and punched their tickets. The Simpsons! Im going to open my own law office, Seora Castillo said. Castros order to let people leave must have still been good! Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. And so, until there is a speedy and efficient solution, we are suspending all obstacles so that those who wish to leave Cuba may do so legally, once and for all. If you really looked at Mahmoud, got a glimpse under the hoodie he kept pulled down over his face, you would see a twelve-year-old boy with a long, strong nose, thick black eyebrows, and short-cropped black hair. Theres no room. Six months and eleven days! the Brownshirt said. In the book, Refugee, who is the author? Mahmoud caught himself smiling. And he had been beaten up as badly as Khalid. mother and brother and sister walked on. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. He is constantly making jokes read analysis of Youssef Bishara Hana Bishara Mahmoud 's infant sister. What were you thinking? the boy whispered. Tools to track, assess, and motivate classroom reading. Assad made people who didnt like him disappear. Both sides oppose ISIL, the combination of ISIS and al-Quaeda, and the Kurds, supported predominantly by the USA, are fighting ISIL as well but support neither Al-Assad or the rebels.) Your hijab, Dad said. The "Middle East & Africa Air Barrier market" is divided into vapour permeable and vapour impermeable materials, according to recent industry data. Not any longer. Josef Landau, a Jewish boy, is 12 years old at the beginning of the book, living in Nazi Germany in 1938. Mahmoud is 13 years old in 2015, and lives in Aleppo, Syria with his father Youssef, his mother Fatima, his read analysis of Mahmoud Bishara Josef 's younger sister, who is six years old when they board the St. Louis to escape Nazi Germany. But the good people couldn't help you, either." Alan Gratz Thinking about Klaus made Josef think about other things, but he blinked away the bad memories. Josef! Cuba might decide shes full-up with Jews when we get there and turn us away. Josef looked out to sea. 2011 (14) IWB are their Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims? Being invisible was how he survived." (Chapter 3, Page 12) The factions in Mahmoud's native Syria make his conclusion a valid one. Hey, were in luck! Mahmouds dad joked. There werent the required ten men for the servicethere were a hundred men, probably more, all wearing yarmulkes on their heads and white-and-black tallisimprayer shawlsaround their shoulders. Anything at all. He glanced around the little cabin like the walls were closing in. Forever. The air was full of dust, and it scratched and tore at his throat as it went down, but Mahmoud had never tasted anything so sweet. Josef! But that trumpet was everything to you! No, not everything, Isabel thought. Chi-CHAK! But, more than a teacher, I am a learner! Go back south, one of the soldiers told Mahmouds father. Along with Isabel and Mahmoud, he is one of the books three protagonists. This isnt funny. One of the teachers walked up and down the hall ringing a handbell, and Mahmoud collected his backpack and went to find his little brother, Waleed. And just in time. Mahmoud looked up at where his apartment had been. Two giant tan smokestacks stuck up from the middle of the ship, one A few hours later, they watched from the promenade as tugboats pushed the MS St. Louis away from the dock, and passengers threw confetti and celebrated and blew tearful kisses good-bye. He smelled so ripelike the alley behind a butcher shop that Josef had to turn his head away. She wasnt paying any attention anyway. All Isabel could see was the metal side of the boat in front of her face, but she heard a commotion behind her. The MS St. Louis. Josef sacrifices himself when his family is refused refuge in Cuba, in order for his sister, Ruth, to be saved from the extermination camps. He put his hands over his heart. Mahmoud and his family were waiting in line at Kilis, Turkey, at the border to enter the country. The police were being summoned elsewhere. Captains got the engines maxed out. Has to, the other said. Hundreds of them. No, we Isabel! It was just what the Brownshirt had told Josef. Good and bad things happened either way. Mahmoud Bishara's story begins in 2015, during the ongoing Syrian Civil War. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Ill be a man in six months and eleven days. The Nazis laughed again. The differences between Sunnis and Shiites was an excuse. Which country are Mahmoud and his family in at the end of the chapter? Its fur was scraggly and dull, and Isabel could feel the cats bones through its skin. Not because she wasnt good. The street is filled with rubble, and buildings are collapsing around them. A boat to sail to the United States. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner! the adults answered back, as though theyd heard that one many times before too. Josef felt the heat of that embarrassment all over again, the humiliation of being talked about like he was an animal. Waleed, talk to me. They were supposed to be on holiday, seeing ancient ruins and beautiful Greek beaches, not stepping over filthy, praying refugees. Josef could tell it wasnt something they were comfortable talking about. What do you think youre doing? the older policeman barked. A man in the group we walked with gave me the name of a smuggler who can get us from Turkey to Greece. A smuggler? Mom said. Across the room, Waleed sat like a zombie in front of the television, watching a Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles cartoon dubbed into Syrian Arabic. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Mahmoud screamed and dropped to the floor as broken glass sprayed him. How many of them died because we turned them away? He couldnt breathe. They called it Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass. No more getting thrown in jail for disagreeing with the government. But what do you want to do when you get there? Seor Castillo asked. Ivn! his father called from next door. But, Mahmouds father has stopped joking, numb and broken from the beating he had recieved after standing up to a soldier. Geraldo Fernandez is a character in the film Geraldo Fernandez. -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character Fatima Bishara appears in. A warm breeze lifted Isabels short curly hair and raised goose bumps on her arms. She trades her trumpet for gasoline in order to get the boat to start. The car skids to a stop, and Youssef, Fatima (with Hana), Mahmoud: Kilis, Turkey 2015, 2 days from home, Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 4 days from home, Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days from home (1), One week after the boat to Greece was originally supposed to arrive, the smuggler tells, Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days from home (2), Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (1), Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (2), Fatima continues to sob at having given away Hana, and, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (3). The people chose not to see them. It was his dad. Shia should know their place! Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, They only see us when we do something they dont want us to do. She was only six years old. Josef took a seat in the section with the men. He had to do something. I should do something, he whispered. All we have now are two backpacks and our phones. No ambulances came to help the wounded. Mahmoud's . Many guns and artillery. Isabel tossed an old ball cap on the ground, on the off chance that one of the tourists actually had a peso to spare. He was covered with a fine gray powder from head to foot, like hed taken a bath in dry concrete mix. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. They continue on with only the clothes on their backs and their smartphones, without a car or supplies. Clothes, food, sports, movies, travel, school, opportunity. It was better not to have friends in Syria in 2015. Papi had already tried to flee Cuba twice. T he main themes in Refugee are trauma and growing up, the dehumanization of refugees, and empathy and hope. In all the turmoil, a policeman caught up with her father and grabbed him by the arm. Toward them. The old taxis exhaust pipe made a sound like a gunshotPOK!and everybody ducked instinctively. From there, they could choose to return to Cubaand Castroor languish in a refugee camp while the United States decided what to do with them. How old is Mahmoud Bishara Josef the refugee? Rachel Landau is a well-known actress. What if there was a line of police waiting to arrest them at the beach? No, we dont, Seor Castillo said. Youre Mariano Padrons granddaughter, arent you? the fisherman said. The right answer and they lived; the wrong answer and they all died. Cuba was a communist country, like Russia had been, and for decades the Soviets had been buying Cubas sugar for eleven times the price and sending the little island food and gasoline and medicine for free. On the train, Josef and his family sat in a compartment labeled J, for Jew, so no real Germans would sit there by accident. Please! Mahmoud cried. She let him hug her, even though she still held her hands across her chest as if to ward him off. By now he knew what an incoming missile sounded like. Isabel blinked. And this is Ruthie. He sobbed with the effort of fighting off the mans fingers and hanging onto the dinghy. The cat was so tiny it could only nibble at the beans. Ahmed and Nedhal werent his friends. She wore a dark blue wool dress with a white sailors collar and carried her white corduroy stuffed Rabit-Bitsy, everywhere she went. Amahl Bishara, Tufts University . Or Lzaro? Those are all boy names! Isabel said. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. It was a trick he and Klaus had played on Herr Meier once upon a time. A shabby-looking man stumbled out from behind the crates and luggage piled up on the dock, and Ruthie screamed. It was hot out by day but it got cold at night, and Mahmoud and his family had left all their extra clothes in the car in their haste to escape. Mahmoud didnt have any friends. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Now it was even harder to escape. Not that Waleed smiled much anymore. Refugee (Alan Gratz) What are Mahmoud Bishara's character traits? Mahmoud couldnt believe it. Khalid was clever. Dont stop for anything. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Maybe when yours is too, youll take up arms. He wore sandals, shorts, a short-sleeved, button-down shirt, and a cap with a fancy letter I on itthe logo Halfway to the ground, the building shifted again and the concrete stairs broke away from the wall, leaving a five-centimeter crack. The family takes another taxi to try to reach Hungary. The family of Mahmoud intends to go to Aleppo. High above her, Isabel saw people climbing out onto the big electric sign hanging from the side of a tourist hotel, and it gave her an idea. Children with missing limbs. But by then it will be too late. Mahmoud remembered the horror hed felt when his apartment building collapsed and hed thought his mom was still inside. Officer Padron just looked away. man wouldnt be talking and laughing with him. At last, he reached out and took the trumpet. LitCharts Teacher Editions. How else am I going to play Angry Birds? He was joking again. Josef, Ruthie, Renata, and Evelyne had to swallow their snickers as the steward reached down with his free hand and tried and failed to open the door. None of them were. Where did Mahmoud and his family live for 4 weeks? -Graham S. The president and prime minister of Cuba during the period of, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Why not? Isabel said. Around them were countless more Syrian families, all hoping to be let in. excluding an estimated 2.5 million nomads; 24,532,000 (2006E, including nomads). Must be doing sixteen knots, easy, said one of the stewards. Pick it back up! We have to get out of here! Mahmouds mother said, putting Hana in Mahmouds arms. Refugee Important Quotes 1. And Waleed was centimeters from joining them both. The timeline below shows where the character Hana Bishara appears in Refugee. Being invisible was how he survived. Now. Papi hissed as she disinfected them with the iodine. No boat today. Disappear. Isabel opened her eyes and lowered the trumpet from her lips. Mahmoud finally sees the power of visibility when he decides to walk out of the Hungarian detention center and lead the other refugees on a 12-hour march to Austria. Refugee (Alan Gratz) Papa! Towering shadows burst into the room. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. Explore books by genre, topic, reading level, or series to find your next read. Gratz shows how hard it can sometimes be to stand up and support others, but that it is necessary to empathize with those who are being oppressed and to give aid. [2][3]. And well have to get to Izmir, on the Turkish coast. But, the difficulties persist as the boat is just a rubber dingy. The cat was hungry, just like everyone else in Cuba, and its belly quickly won out over its fear. They had gotten up early and it had been a stressful day, and soon Ruthie was asleep in Mamas lap, and Mama dozed with her. But the only thing that matters to him in this moment is finding. Until 2011, when the Arab Spring came to Syria. Theyre coming for me! Papi cried. Source (s) Refugee (Alan Gratz) Josef Landau, Isabel Fernandez, and Mahmoud Bishara are the primary protagonists of Refugee. He wasnt used to the sounds of this new flat, the smaller one he and his family had been forced to move into. What religion does Josef follow? I know, dear. The smuggler had just told them their boat wasn't leaving tonight. He was careful not to show his eagerness in front of his father, however. What would they do now? Tomorrow, hed told Mahmouds father. From that day forward, Mahmoud and Khalid were marked. She had to find her father. Oh, and I also need you to help me carry these back. Youll fall out of the boat! Isabels mother told him. Come stand guard for us! Renata cried. Seor Castillo was in charge of the boat. Lets have a song, Lito said. Dont take him! Shes a baby. Your mother is pregnant, for one thing! Lito said. But they hadnt closed the door tight enough. Izzit a good mouser? Yes! Isabel said, though she was sure that even a mouse would give the scrawny thing trouble. Back in Syria, it was a tradition to be escorted to your wedding by a parade of cars, to help carry you into your new life. Sit down! Tomorrow. He screamed even louder than his little sister, drowning her out. On top of this, he deals with coping, loss, and hardship. The shadows tore down pictures, pulled drawers from their bureaus, and flung clothing everywhere. After Herr Meier had called him in front of the class to show how Jews were inferior to real Germans, Josef had returned to his seat next to Klaus, his best friend in the class. A young woman staggered past them, clutching her stomach and looking green. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. By now, May of 1939, most countries had stopped admitting Jewish refugees, or had lots of official applications you had to fill out and file and pay for before they would let you in. As Josefs eyes adjusted, he saw the seven strangers who had invaded his home. Luis, the older boy whod saved her from the policemans nightstick, wasnt home from work yet, and neither was his mother, Juaneta, who worked at the cooperative law office. Refine any search. Tens of thousands of people poured into the streets, demanding the release of political prisoners and more freedom for everyone. He only manages to survive by staying off everyone's radar. The day they had gotten Papas telegram, Josefs mother booked tickets for all four of them to the only place that would take them: an island half a world away called Cuba. Theres no food for any of us, and no money to buy it with if there was. Papis eyes were wide as he stood from the kitchen table. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria 2015 (1). The blood drained from Josefs face. Mahmoud? RAMALLAH, March 20, 2018 (WAFA) - President Mahmoud Abbas' speech at a Palestinian leadership gathering in Ramallah hit the front page headlines in Palestinian dailies on Tuesday. Youre going to Turkey? II went to engineering school there, Mahmouds father said. That soundit was like someone had kicked the front door in. 5.6 million refugees have left their home and 6.6 million more have been internally displaced within Syria.) Whats happened? Mr. Sarraf asked Mahmoud, and then he saw the missing wall and his eyes went wide. Josefs mother gave him a kiss on the cheek, and she and Ruthie went to sit in the section reserved for the women. He wasnt literally invisible. His novel weaves together the stories of three children: A Jewish boy whose family tried to escape Nazi Germany on a ship called the St. Louis in the 1940's; a Cuban girl who flees Havana on a raft. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Were building a doghouse, he said, before sprinting away. What do you think el norte will be like, Papi? Isabel asked. No boat today. Two of the Nazis yanked Josefs father to his feet and dragged him toward the door. Google Maps told them it would be an eight-hour walk, and they split the journey up by sleeping in a field. Today she was wearing her usual around-the-house attire: jeans and a pink nurses shirt she used to wear to work. Josefs maturation continues as the situation worsens: after his father attempts suicide is separated from the family, his mother is stricken with grief, so Josef makes sure that Ruthie is being cared for and protected. But there is food in the States. They had been drafted into the police, and they werent allowed to leave. He stood there awkwardly, not sure if he should stay or go. Start the engine! he cried. He stood on Josefs armband, his eyes wide with surprise. Just a sea of tents and a forest of electric poles and wires. Isabel thrust her trumpet into his arms. The rioters and police traded rocks and bullets, and a man with a bloody head staggered past Isabel. Bombings and death were a normal part of Mahmouds life. Ill be right behind you. Complete your free account to request a guide. A boy about Josefs age, sworn to live and die for the Fatherland. And do you know what the greatest failures are? he asked. Were almost to the water! I Isabel said, frozen in the bright light of the camera. They didnt call it that then. I promise. Six of the best book quotes from Mahmoud Bishara, Please! Mahmoud cried. Nobody would tell her anything, and Josef began to despair that he would never see his father again. A car honked behind Mahmoud, and he turned like everybody else. The way the content is organized, One of the three protagonists of the book, alongside. Isabel was listening for the clave underneath the music, the mysterious hidden beat inside PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. They arrive on Lesbos and hunt for Hana, but she is nowhere to be found. Mahmoud, wheres your mother? Fight the tyrant Assad! Between Assad and Daesh and Russia and America, Mahmoud thought, there wasnt much of a Syria left to fight for. Things will get better. -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character Hana Bishara appears in.